The Kerala High Court has issued an interim order prohibiting physiotherapists and occupational therapists from using the prefix “Dr” before their names unless they hold a recognised medical qualification. The directive was passed on Friday by Justice V. G. Arun after hearing a petition filed by the Indian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (IAPMR).
The IAPMR approached the court seeking to end the longstanding practice of physiotherapists and occupational therapists using the “Dr” prefix, arguing that it misleads patients into believing they are consulting licensed medical practitioners. The association contended that the practice violates the Indian Medical Degrees Act, which restricts the use of medical titles to those formally qualified in medicine or dentistry under recognised institutions.
The court observed that using the “Dr.” title without a legitimate medical degree could create confusion among patients regarding a practitioner’s qualifications and expertise. In its interim order, the bench instructed that physiotherapists and occupational therapists refrain from using the prefix until the matter is finally adjudicated. Notices were issued to all relevant authorities, including the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, for their responses.
The issue traces back to a Union Health Ministry directive earlier this year, which removed the “Dr” prefix from the competency-based curriculum for physiotherapy courses. The ministry stated that individuals without an MBBS, BDS, or equivalent recognised medical degree should not use the title. However, following objections from physiotherapy associations and state councils, the ministry withdrew the order — prompting the IAPMR to file its petition against the withdrawal.
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy practitioners have argued that they undergo rigorous professional training and often hold doctoral-level degrees (such as PhDs or Doctor of Physiotherapy qualifications) that entitle them to use the “Dr” prefix in academic contexts. The IAPMR, however, maintains that such usage in clinical settings is misleading because patients associate the title “Dr.” exclusively with physicians and surgeons.
The High Court will take up the matter for further hearing on November 1, when it will review submissions from the Centre, the state government, and professional councils before deciding whether to make the interim restriction permanent.
