On December 19, 1961, a significant chapter unfolded in history as Goa, which had endured over four centuries of Portuguese rule, was finally liberated and integrated into India through 'Operation Vijay' led by the Indian Army. This marked a pivotal moment 14 years after India gained independence from British rule, and the commemoration of December 19 this year signifies the 62nd anniversary of Goa's liberation.
The complex events leading to Goa's liberation strained diplomatic ties between India and Portugal. Despite India's military intervention and the successful culmination of 'Operation Vijay,' Portugal adamantly clung to its colony. Portugal, challenging India's sovereignty, took the matter to the United Nations (UN), where it found support from influential Western powers such as the United States, United Kingdom, and France.
Amidst this diplomatic standoff at the UN, the Soviet Union emerged as a steadfast ally for India, playing a crucial role in ensuring Goa's liberation. The Soviet Union, leveraging its veto power, garnered support from nations like Liberia, the United Arab Republic (UAR), and Sri Lanka, countering the Western-backed resolution.
The struggle for Goa's freedom gained momentum in the 1940s, particularly as India approached its own independence. Despite an economic blockade imposed by India in 1955, Goa remained a Portuguese stronghold. Tensions escalated when Portuguese forces attacked Indian fishing vessels, leading to casualties and prompting India to launch a military assault. This resulted in the surrender of the Portuguese governor general and the integration of Goa into India.
The diplomatic battle at the UN became a focal point of contention. Portugal's resolution, demanding the withdrawal of Indian forces, received support from countries like China, Ecuador, Chile, and Brazil. However, the Soviet Union, through compelling arguments, dismantled Portugal's stance.
Valerian Zorin, the USSR's permanent representative to the UN, delivered a powerful condemnation of the Western position, questioning their moral authority and highlighting their double standards, particularly regarding Portugal's suppression of freedom movements in other colonies.
Representatives from the United Arab Republic, Sri Lanka, and Liberia further dismantled Portugal's arguments. The UAR emphasized Portugal's disregard for Indian sovereignty, Sri Lanka denounced the presence of Portuguese troops in Goa as a foreign entity, and Liberia pointed out the UN's recognition of colonized regions as 'non self-governing territories.'
Ultimately, the Soviet Union's veto paved the way for Goa's liberation, showcasing the strength of the Indo-Russian relationship. This historic event, which combines military action and diplomatic triumph, exemplifies the enduring friendship between India and Russia, which has consistently provided mutual support in times of need, including during the 1962 Chinese invasion of India. Today, as Goa celebrates its freedom, it also commemorates the resilience and camaraderie between India and Russia on the global stage.
